Cov ntaub ntawv zoo thiab tsis zoo electrode yog cov khoom tseem ceeb uas txiav txim siab lub roj teeb ua haujlwm; Qhov sib txawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv loj hauv qhov hluav taws xob, lub peev xwm, lub neej voj voog, kev nyab xeeb, thiab daim ntawv thov siv thoob plaws ntau hom roj teeb. Thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv electrochemical tshwm sim ntawm qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo electrodes, tsim hluav taws xob tam sim no los ntawm kev txav ntawm cov hluav taws xob thiab hloov tshuaj lom neeg rau hauv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob. Feem ntau, cov hluav taws xob tsis zoo tso tawm cov hluav taws xob (tseem muaj oxidation), thaum qhov zoo electrode txais cov hluav taws xob (kev txo qis). Qhov kev xaiv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau lub roj teeb lub zog ntom ntom, them nyiaj- tso tawm kom zoo, thiab kev pabcuam lub neej.
Lead{0}}acid roj teeb siv lead dioxide (PbO₂) rau qhov zoo electrode thiab spongy lead (Pb) rau cov electrode tsis zoo, nrog rau sulfuric acid tov ua cov electrolyte. Thaum lub sij hawm tso tawm, ob qho tib si electrode cov ntaub ntawv reacts chemically nrog sulfuric acid los tsim ib tug hluav taws xob tam sim no. Tus cwj pwm los ntawm cov cuab yeej paub tab, tus nqi qis, thiab kev ntseeg siab, cov hmoov lead- cov roj teeb kua qaub tau ntev tau siv nyob rau hauv tsheb pib tshuab, UPS cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thaub qab, kev sib txuas lus hauv paus chaw nres tsheb, thiab lub zog cia. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov siab ceev ntawm cov hlau lead ua rau lub zog tsis tshua muaj zog thiab cov roj teeb tseem ceeb.
Lithium-Ion roj teeb siv ntau yam khoom zoo thiab tsis zoo electrode thiab tam sim no sawv cev rau hom roj teeb uas siv ntau tshaj plaws. Cov ntaub ntawv zoo electrode muaj xws li lithium hlau phosphate (LiFePO₄), cov ntaub ntawv ternary (xws li NCM-nickel-cobalt-}manganese-los yog NCA-nickel-cobalt-aluminium), thiab lithium cobalt (Lithium cobalt); Cov electrodes tsis zoo feem ntau siv graphite, txawm tias qee lub roj teeb tshiab tau suav nrog silicon- cov khoom siv los txhim kho lub zog cia. Cov roj teeb no ua haujlwm los ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam thiab de{11}}intercalation ntawm lithium ions ntawm qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo electrodes. Muab cov txiaj ntsig zoo xws li lub zog siab ceev, lub teeb yuag, thiab lub neej voj voog ntev, lawv tau siv dav hauv cov tsheb tshiab, lub zog khaws cia, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ua haujlwm siab -UPS.
Lwm hom roj teeb kuj tseem siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo thiab tsis zoo. Piv txwv li, nickel-hlau hydride (NiMH) roj teeb feem ntau siv nickel oxyhydroxide (NiOOH) rau qhov zoo electrode thiab hydrogen-storage alloy rau qhov tsis zoo electrode, thaum npib tsib xee-cadmium (NiCd) roj teeb siv cov nickel electrode zoo rau electrode. Raws li lub roj teeb thev naus laus zis txuas ntxiv mus, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tshiab-xws li silicon-carbon composites, solid-state electrolytes, thiab cov khoom siv rau sodium- ion roj teeb- tau tshawb nrhiav thiab siv ntau dua. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, optimizing cov qauv ntawm cathode thiab anode cov ntaub ntawv yuav pab tau ntxiv kev txhim kho nyob rau hauv lub roj teeb muaj peev xwm, kev nyab xeeb, thiab lub voj voog lub neej, muab kev pab cuam txhim khu kev qha ntau dua rau kev txhim kho lub zog tshiab thiab lub zog ntse.
